Effective Allergy Management: Insights from Current Research

Impact of Allergic Rhinitis on Quality of Life and Treatment Options

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common condition characterized by symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, and itching, affecting 10-40% of individuals worldwide (Chantaphakul et al., 2025). The socio-economic burden of AR is substantial, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to effective treatments is limited (Chantaphakul et al., 2025). Notably, AR significantly impairs the quality of life, as evidenced by increased healthcare utilization and decreased productivity due to absenteeism (Wang et al., 2016).

Recent studies highlight the importance of recognizing AR’s impact on both physical and psychological well-being. A modified Delphi study involving Thai clinicians reached a consensus that second-generation antihistamines are the preferred first-line treatment due to their reduced sedation effects (Chantaphakul et al., 2025). This shift towards utilizing these medications can enhance patient compliance and treatment efficacy, ultimately improving overall health outcomes.

Table 1: Treatment Options for Allergic Rhinitis

Antihistamine Preferences for Allergic Conditions in Thailand

In Thailand, a recent survey involving 105 allergy experts indicated that second-generation antihistamines were overwhelmingly recommended for treating allergic conditions such as AR and urticaria (Chantaphakul et al., 2025). The study showed that 98.1% of respondents preferred these medications for chronic urticaria due to their efficacy and minimal side effects. Moreover, the utilization of orodispersible tablets (ODTs) of these antihistamines has been endorsed for populations with swallowing difficulties, thereby improving treatment adherence (Chantaphakul et al., 2025).

Understanding Antihistamine Efficacy

Antihistamines work by blocking histamine receptors, thereby alleviating allergy symptoms. Second-generation antihistamines, such as cetirizine and fexofenadine, have a lower incidence of sedation compared to first-generation antihistamines, making them more suitable for daily use (Chantaphakul et al., 2025). This characteristic is particularly important for children and older adults, who may be more susceptible to the sedative effects of traditional antihistamines.

Role of Indoor Allergens in Sleep Health Among Adults

Indoor allergens, such as dust mites, pet dander, and mold, have been shown to significantly impact sleep health. A study involving 3,399 adults found that elevated exposure to pet allergens correlated with increased reports of sleep disorders, particularly in Hispanic/Latino participants (Murkey et al., 2025). This relationship underscores the need for managing indoor environments to improve sleep quality and overall health.

Table 2: Indoor Allergens and Sleep Health

Advances in Herbal Treatments for Oral Aphthous Ulcers

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common condition that causes painful oral ulcers. Recent clinical trials have explored the efficacy of herbal treatments compared to traditional corticosteroids. A trial comparing the effectiveness of a triamcinolone paste and a sumac-based paste found that the latter significantly reduced healing time and lesion size (Rezvani et al., 2024). This study highlights the potential of herbal remedies as viable alternatives in managing oral ulcers, particularly for those seeking treatments with fewer side effects.

Table 3: Efficacy of Oral Pastes for RAS Treatment

Host-Microbiota Interactions Influencing Infant Gut Health

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in shaping an infant’s immune system and overall health. Recent research has demonstrated that the composition of gut microbiota during the first years of life is dynamic and influenced by factors such as birth method, diet, and environmental exposures (van Beek et al., 2024). In a study involving daily stool samples from infants, significant associations between microbial populations and immune biomarkers were identified, indicating that host-microbe interactions are vital for gut health (van Beek et al., 2024).

Key Findings on Infant Gut Health

• Microbial Colonization: Infants born via cesarean section may have different microbiota compared to those born vaginally, impacting their immune development.
• Dietary Influence: The introduction of solid foods at around 6 months leads to shifts in microbial composition, which is essential for developing a robust immune response.
• Immune Biomarkers: Various immune markers, including IgA and calprotectin, were found to correlate with specific microbial populations, suggesting that the gut microbiota actively influences immune regulation in infants (van Beek et al., 2024).

Conclusion

Effective allergy management requires a multifaceted approach that includes understanding the impact of allergic conditions on quality of life, utilizing appropriate antihistamines, addressing indoor allergens, exploring herbal treatments, and recognizing the importance of gut health in infants. Continued research in these areas will enhance treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.

FAQs

What are the common symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

• Symptoms include nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, and fatigue.

How do second-generation antihistamines differ from first-generation ones?

• Second-generation antihistamines cause less sedation and have fewer side effects than first-generation antihistamines.

Can indoor allergens affect sleep quality?

• Yes, exposure to indoor allergens such as dust mites, pet dander, and mold can disrupt sleep health.

Are herbal treatments effective for oral ulcers?

• Recent studies suggest that herbal treatments, such as sumac, may be effective in reducing healing time and symptoms associated with oral ulcers.

How does the gut microbiota influence infant health?

• The gut microbiota helps regulate the immune system and can impact the risk of developing allergic and metabolic disorders later in life.

References

1. Chantaphakul, H., Chiewchalermsri, C., Mairiang, D., Lao-Araya, M., Piboonpocanun, O., Nanthapisal, S., Mitthamsiri, W., Kamchaisatian, W., Manuyakorn, W., Sangsupawanich, P. (2025). Allergic rhinitis and urticaria burden and antihistamine treatment options in Thailand: A modified Delphi study. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global, S2772-8293(25)00042-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacig.2025.100444

2. Murkey, J. A., Wilkerson, J. B., Salo, P. M., Thorne, P. S., Zeldin, D. C., Jackson, C. L. (2025). Indoor allergen exposure in relation to sleep health among US adults. Indoor Air, S2772-8293(25)00041-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacig.2025.100441

3. Rezvani, Z., Torka, M., Mirzadeh, M., Gheibi, N., Mokhlesi, A. (2024). Comparison of Two Oral Pastes Containing Triamcinolone and Rhus Coriaria L. for Treating Minor Aphthous Lesions. International Dental Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2024.09.008

4. van Beek, N., Katavisto, I., Lehto, M., Kolho, K.-L., de Vos, W. M., Salonen, A., Korpela, K. (2024). Host-microbiota interactions in the infant gut revealed by daily faecal sample time series. Microbiome Research Reports. https://doi.org/10.20517/mrr.2024.45