Effective Green Solutions for Controlling Terrestrial Gastropods

Effective Green Solutions for Controlling Terrestrial Gastropods

Terrestrial gastropods, particularly species like Monacha cartusiana, have become significant agricultural pests, causing extensive damage to crops globally. The need for effective and environmentally friendly control measures has led to the exploration of innovative solutions, particularly those that utilize biocompatible nanocomposites. This article will discuss the importance of these green solutions, toxicological effects of new nanocomposites, field application results, and the environmental impact of contaminants on marine life.

Importance of Biocompatible Nanocomposites in Pest Management

Recent advancements in nanotechnology have permitted the development of biocompatible nanocomposites that can effectively manage pest populations without harming the environment. One notable example is the Ba–Ce–Cu ferrite/TiO2 nanocomposite, which has shown promising results as a molluscicide. These nanocomposites offer several advantages over traditional pesticides, including enhanced effectiveness, reduced application rates, and lower toxicity to non-target species.

The environmental sustainability of these materials is paramount. Biocompatibility ensures that the nanocomposites do not remain in the ecosystem indefinitely and can degrade naturally, thus minimizing long-term ecological impacts. Moreover, the use of plant extracts in the synthesis of these nanocomposites aligns with green chemistry principles, promoting the use of renewable resources in pest control operations.

Toxicological Effects of Ba–Ce–Cu Ferrite/TiO2 Nanocomposite

The Ba–Ce–Cu ferrite/TiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized using a green method that incorporates plant extracts, thereby enhancing its biocompatibility. Toxicological assessments of this nanocomposite have indicated significant impacts on M. cartusiana. Laboratory evaluations using leaf dipping and contact methods demonstrated LC50 values of 1218.79 ppm and 289.19 ppm respectively, highlighting its effectiveness as a potential molluscicide.

Biochemical analyses revealed notable increases in liver enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), indicating hepatic inflammation. Conversely, there was a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein (TP) levels, which are crucial indicators of liver function and overall health. Histopathological examinations further confirmed cellular damage, with observations of enlarged lumens, damaged digestive cells, and the presence of pyknotic nuclei.

These findings suggest that while the nanocomposite is effective in controlling gastropod populations, it also poses risks to their physiological health, necessitating further studies to understand its ecological implications.

Field Application Results of Green Molluscicides

The field application of the Ba–Ce–Cu ferrite/TiO2 nanocomposite demonstrated a significant reduction in M. cartusiana populations. Over a 14-day exposure period, the mean percentage of population reduction was observed to be 72.2%, closely comparable to the 74.27% reduction achieved using the conventional pesticide Neomyl SL 20%. This efficacy underscores the potential of using green nanocomposites in agricultural pest management.

Field trials were conducted in a clover farm heavily infested with M. cartusiana. The treatment method involved creating bait formulations with the nanocomposite that were distributed over the affected areas. Observations indicated a rapid decline in the snail population, supporting the hypothesis that green nanocomposites can serve as viable alternatives to chemical pesticides.

Environmental Impact of Heavy Metals and Phthalates on Marine Life

While discussing pest management, it is crucial to consider the broader environmental impacts of pollutants like heavy metals and phthalates on marine ecosystems. The Palm Islands Natural Reserve in Lebanon has been identified as an area significantly affected by pollution, particularly from anthropogenic sources.

Emerging contaminants, such as heavy metals (e.g., chromium, arsenic, cadmium, lead) and phthalates (e.g., DEHP, DEP), have been detected in both water and sediment samples from this marine protected area. These pollutants pose severe risks not only to marine biodiversity but also to human health through the food chain. For instance, studies have shown that heavy metals can bioaccumulate in marine organisms, leading to toxic effects that may ultimately affect human consumers.

The presence of these contaminants emphasizes the urgent need for effective monitoring and mitigation strategies to protect marine ecosystems and ensure public health safety.

Conclusion

The development of green solutions, particularly biocompatible nanocomposites like Ba–Ce–Cu ferrite/TiO2, presents a promising alternative for managing terrestrial gastropods while minimizing ecological impacts. While these materials show significant efficacy in controlling pests, it is essential to continue exploring their long-term effects on non-target organisms and the environment. Additionally, addressing the pollution challenges posed by heavy metals and phthalates will be crucial in safeguarding marine biodiversity and public health.

FAQ

What are terrestrial gastropods?
Terrestrial gastropods are land snails and slugs that belong to the class Gastropoda, which includes various species that can cause damage to crops and gardens.

How do biocompatible nanocomposites work in pest control?
Biocompatible nanocomposites utilize nanoparticles designed to target specific pests while being safer for the environment and non-target species, often synthesized from natural sources.

What are the risks associated with using heavy metals and phthalates in the environment?
Heavy metals and phthalates can accumulate in living organisms, leading to toxic effects, disrupting endocrine systems, and posing risks to human health through the food chain.

What are the benefits of using green solutions for pest management?
Green solutions reduce environmental pollution, are less harmful to non-target species, and promote sustainable agricultural practices.

Why is it essential to monitor contaminants in marine environments?
Monitoring contaminants helps assess their impact on marine biodiversity and human health, enabling authorities to implement effective management and remediation strategies.

References

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