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Current Trends in Cardio-Oncology in Africa
Cardio-oncology is an emerging field that addresses the cardiovascular complications associated with cancer therapies. In Africa, cardio-oncology services are gaining recognition due to the increasing incidence of both cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer, which are significant public health concerns in the region. According to recent data, CVD accounts for approximately 38.3% of noncommunicable disease-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), while cancer mortality is projected to double by 2030 (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025). Despite the growing awareness, the establishment of specialized cardio-oncology units remains limited, with only one accredited unit in South Africa currently operational (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
The field is characterized by a multidisciplinary approach, integrating cardiologists, oncologists, and other healthcare professionals to manage patients at risk of cardiotoxicity due to cancer treatments. The rising acknowledgment of cardiotoxicity has highlighted the need for routine cardiovascular risk assessments in oncology care settings. Efforts are underway to promote awareness about the importance of cardio-oncology, as well as to develop comprehensive guidelines that can be adapted for use in African healthcare systems, which often face unique challenges (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
Key Challenges Facing Cardio-Oncology Care
Despite the advancements in cardio-oncology, several challenges hinder the effective delivery of care in Africa. One of the primary barriers is the lack of standardized care protocols and guidelines across the continent. Most oncologists and cardiologists operate without a formalized framework for managing treatment-related cardiovascular complications, leading to fragmented care and high rates of cardiotoxicity (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
Another significant challenge is the inadequate workforce. With only about 2,000 cardiologists in Africa, the scarcity of specialists is particularly acute in rural and underserved areas. This shortage often results in patients receiving care from general practitioners, which may delay diagnosis and treatment (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025). Furthermore, the limited availability of diagnostic resources, such as echocardiograms and cardiac biomarkers, exacerbates the issue, making early detection of cardiotoxicity difficult.
Financial constraints also play a critical role in the accessibility of cardio-oncology services. Many healthcare facilities in Africa are underfunded, which limits their capacity to provide specialized care and invest in necessary technologies for monitoring and treatment (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025). Moreover, cultural factors and misconceptions about cancer and cardiovascular diseases can lead to stigma and reluctance in seeking care.
Importance of Specialized Training in Cardio-Oncology
Specialized training for healthcare professionals in the field of cardio-oncology is essential for improving patient outcomes. Training programs should focus on enhancing the knowledge and skills of oncologists, cardiologists, and allied health professionals in identifying and managing cardiotoxicity that arises from cancer treatments. Such training can take various forms, including workshops, online courses, and collaborative programs with institutions in high-income countries (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
The POETIC exchange program is an example of an initiative aimed at building capacity in cardio-oncology through international partnerships. This program emphasizes the importance of training healthcare professionals to effectively manage cardiovascular complications in cancer patients. By integrating cardiovascular risk assessment into oncology care, healthcare providers can optimize treatment outcomes and mitigate the long-term cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapies (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
Moreover, the establishment of national cardio-oncology registries can facilitate the collection of real-time data on treatment outcomes and cardiovascular complications. These registries not only inform clinical decision-making but also guide policy development, ensuring that cardio-oncology is prioritized within national health agendas (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
Strategies for Building Infrastructure and Capacity
To enhance cardio-oncology services in Africa, a multi-faceted approach is required that addresses both infrastructural and human resource needs. The establishment of more specialized cardio-oncology units is crucial for providing integrated care to cancer patients at risk of cardiovascular complications. Countries such as Morocco have begun to set a precedent by developing dedicated cardio-oncology facilities, which can serve as models for other nations in the region (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
Investment in diagnostic capabilities is also vital. Equipping healthcare facilities with echocardiographic and biomarker testing technologies will enable early detection and management of cardiotoxicity. Additionally, affordable alternatives for cardiovascular monitoring should be explored, particularly in low-resource settings (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
Furthermore, promoting public health initiatives that raise awareness about the importance of cardio-oncology can empower patients and communities. Campaigns that educate the public on the risks associated with cancer treatments and the importance of cardiovascular health can encourage early detection and intervention (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
Finally, fostering collaboration between stakeholders in the healthcare sector, including government agencies, NGOs, and private institutions, can facilitate the development of comprehensive cardio-oncology programs. By working together, these entities can create a more robust infrastructure for cardio-oncology services in Africa.
Enhancing Public Awareness and Screening Initiatives
Public awareness campaigns play a crucial role in improving the understanding of cardio-oncology within communities. These initiatives can help demystify cardiovascular complications associated with cancer treatments, reducing stigma and encouraging patients to seek timely care. Engaging with community leaders and utilizing local media platforms can amplify the reach of these campaigns (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
Screening programs can also be instrumental in identifying patients at risk of cardiotoxicity. Implementing routine cardiovascular risk assessments for cancer patients can facilitate early intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Guidelines that recommend regular monitoring of cardiovascular health in patients undergoing cancer treatment should be developed and disseminated widely (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
Furthermore, integrating telemedicine into cardio-oncology care can enhance access to specialized services, particularly in remote areas. Telemedicine can facilitate follow-up consultations and monitoring, ensuring that patients receive appropriate care without the burden of travel (Nkrumah-Boateng et al., 2025).
Conclusion
As the prevalence of both cancer and cardiovascular diseases continues to rise in Africa, enhancing cardio-oncology services is of utmost importance. Addressing the challenges of inadequate infrastructure, workforce shortages, and lack of standardized protocols is essential for providing effective care to patients. By implementing comprehensive training programs, investing in diagnostic capabilities, and promoting public awareness initiatives, healthcare systems can significantly improve patient outcomes in the field of cardio-oncology. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders will be crucial in building a sustainable and equitable framework for cardio-oncology care across the continent.
References
- Nkrumah-Boateng, P. A., Ben-Jaafar, A., Naa Adjeley Boye, A., Tenkorang, P. O., & Abdul-Rahman, T. (2025). Cardio-oncology care in Africa: current trends and disparities. Cardio-Oncology, 5(1), 341-356. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40959-025-00341-6
FAQ
What is cardio-oncology?
Cardio-oncology is a specialized field that focuses on the cardiovascular complications arising from cancer therapies, aiming to improve the management and outcomes of patients with coexisting cardiovascular and cancer conditions.
Why is cardio-oncology important in Africa?
With the rising incidence of both cardiovascular diseases and cancer in Africa, the integration of cardio-oncology is essential to manage treatment-related cardiovascular complications effectively and improve patient outcomes.
What are the main challenges facing cardio-oncology services in Africa?
Major challenges include a lack of specialized units, insufficient training for healthcare professionals, limited diagnostic resources, and financial constraints that hinder the establishment of comprehensive care.
How can public awareness initiatives improve cardio-oncology care?
Public awareness initiatives can educate communities about the risks of cardiotoxicity from cancer treatments, reduce stigma, and encourage patients to seek timely cardiovascular assessments and care.
What strategies can enhance cardio-oncology services in Africa?
Strategies include building more specialized cardio-oncology units, investing in diagnostic capabilities, implementing public health campaigns, and fostering collaboration among healthcare stakeholders to improve access and quality of care.
