Effective Treatments for Phantom Earthquake Syndrome and MdDS

Characteristics and Symptoms of Phantom Earthquake Syndrome

Phantom Earthquake Syndrome is a relatively rare condition observed in individuals who have survived significant seismic events. Patients typically report a false sense of ground movement, akin to earthquake-like sensations, despite the absence of any actual seismic activity. Symptoms can include dizziness, anxiety, nausea, and motor instability, which can significantly impair daily functioning (Yüksel & Toraman, 2025).

1. Psychosomatic Response: Research indicates that Phantom Earthquake Syndrome may represent a psychosomatic response to disasters, where psychological trauma manifests as physical symptoms (Yüksel & Toraman, 2025).

2. Functional Impairment: Affected individuals often experience heightened anxiety, insomnia, and a preoccupation with earthquake cues, leading to behavioral changes that interfere with normal activities (Yüksel & Toraman, 2025).

3. Case Studies and Findings: In a recent case study, a patient presented with chronic dizziness and weakness following the February 2023 earthquake in Turkey. Despite pharmacological interventions, symptoms persisted until the implementation of vestibular rehabilitation and lifestyle modifications, highlighting the importance of targeted non-pharmacological approaches (Yüksel & Toraman, 2025).

The Role of Vestibular Rehabilitation in Treatment

Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is a critical component in the treatment of both Phantom Earthquake Syndrome and MdDS. VRT involves a series of exercises designed to improve balance and reduce dizziness by retraining the brain to process vestibular signals more effectively.

1. Exercise Regimens: Patients may engage in gaze stability exercises, balance training, and habituation activities that focus on reducing sensitivity to motion-related stimuli (Yüksel & Toraman, 2025).

2. Lifestyle Modifications: Incorporating lifestyle changes such as vitamin D supplementation and exercise routines tailored to individual needs can significantly enhance treatment outcomes and promote recovery (Yüksel & Toraman, 2025).

3. Patient Monitoring: Regular follow-ups to assess progress and adapt rehabilitation strategies are essential for maximizing the benefits of VRT and ensuring long-term improvement.

Understanding Mal de Débarquement Syndrome and Its Impact

MdDS is characterized by persistent sensations of motion, particularly following exposure to passive motion, such as during a boat trip or flight. Unlike typical motion sickness, the symptoms of MdDS can last for weeks, months, or even years, seriously impacting the quality of life of affected individuals (Habeb et al., 2025).

1. Symptoms and Diagnosis: Individuals with MdDS report feelings of rocking or swaying even when stationary. Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on symptom history and the exclusion of other vestibular disorders (Habeb et al., 2025).

2. Prevalence and Demographics: Studies indicate that approximately 1.3% of patients attending neuro-otological clinics may be diagnosed with MdDS, with a higher prevalence among females, particularly in middle age (Habeb et al., 2025).

Innovative Therapies: Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation for MdDS

Recent studies have explored galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) as a potential treatment for MdDS. GVS involves delivering low-amplitude electrical currents through electrodes placed on the scalp or behind the ears to modulate vestibular function.

1. Pilot Studies: One pilot study demonstrated that GVS could enhance postural stability in MdDS patients, with some individuals reporting symptom relief during sessions (Schoenmaekers et al., 2025).

2. Mechanism of Action: GVS is thought to provide alternate sensory input that may help “reset” the brain’s processing of motion signals, alleviating the persistent feelings of motion associated with MdDS (Schoenmaekers et al., 2025).

3. Safety and Tolerability: Most participants reported that GVS was a safe and manageable treatment option, with minimal adverse effects noted during the trial (Schoenmaekers et al., 2025).

Insights into Functional Connectivity in Post-COVID Cognitive Complaints

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced a new dimension to the understanding of cognitive complaints in patients, particularly in those recovering from mild cases. Research has shown changes in functional connectivity within the brain, particularly in the default mode network (DMN) associated with cognitive functions (Madden et al., 2025).

1. Functional Connectivity Analysis: In non-hospitalized patients with post-COVID cognitive complaints, studies have indicated preserved connectivity within the DMN, correlating positively with cognitive performance scores (Madden et al., 2025).

2. Neurocognitive Implications: The findings suggest that while subjective cognitive complaints may be prevalent, objective cognitive deficits may not be as pronounced in non-hospitalized COVID patients, indicating a complex interaction between subjective experiences and objective measures of cognitive function (Madden et al., 2025).

Conclusion

Phantom Earthquake Syndrome and Mal de Débarquement Syndrome are complex conditions that can significantly impact the lives of those affected. Effective management strategies, including vestibular rehabilitation and innovative therapies such as galvanic vestibular stimulation, show promise in alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life. Additionally, the exploration of cognitive complaints in post-COVID patients highlights the intricate relationship between brain connectivity and cognitive function, paving the way for future research and treatment approaches.

FAQ

What is Phantom Earthquake Syndrome? Phantom Earthquake Syndrome is characterized by a false sensation of ground movement in individuals who have experienced a significant earthquake, leading to symptoms like dizziness and anxiety.

How is Mal de Débarquement Syndrome diagnosed? MdDS is diagnosed clinically, based on symptom history and the exclusion of other vestibular disorders. Patients typically report persistent sensations of motion after exposure to passive motion.

What treatments are available for these syndromes? Treatments include vestibular rehabilitation, lifestyle modifications, and innovative therapies like galvanic vestibular stimulation, which may help alleviate symptoms.

How does COVID-19 relate to cognitive complaints? Post-COVID cognitive complaints may arise from changes in brain connectivity, particularly in the default mode network, which can affect memory and attention even in mild cases.

Are there any risks associated with galvanic vestibular stimulation? While GVS is generally considered safe, some individuals may experience mild side effects like tingling sensations or nausea during treatment sessions.

References

1. Yüksel, Z. İ., & Toraman, B. (2025). Phantom earthquake syndrome presenting with chronic dizziness after an earthquake: A case report. PMC12091632. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12091632/
2. Habeb, B., Adler, J. R., & Valdes, O. (2025). Persistent Motion Sensation: A Case Report of Mal De Débarquement Syndrome in a Long-Term Boat Dweller. PMC11929029. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.79342
3. Schoenmaekers, C., De Smet, D., & Wuyts, F. L. (2025). Galvanic vestibular stimulation for Mal de Debarquement syndrome: a pilot study on therapeutic potential. PMC12078377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-025-07102-y
4. Madden, D., Stephens, T. M., & O’Neal Swann, C. (2025). Functional connectivity of default mode network in non-hospitalized patients with post-COVID cognitive complaints. PMC12018477. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1576393