Table of Contents
Impact of C-Reactive Protein to Lymphocyte Ratio on COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Recent studies have indicated that systemic inflammation plays a crucial role in the disease’s progression and overall prognosis (Ao et al., 2025). One emerging biomarker in assessing systemic inflammation is the C-Reactive Protein to Lymphocyte Ratio (CLR).
Importance of CLR
CLR reflects the balance between systemic inflammation (indicated by CRP levels) and immune response (indicated by lymphocyte counts). A recent cross-sectional study involving 22,581 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) demonstrated that increased CLR is significantly associated with a heightened risk of developing COPD (Ao et al., 2025). The odds ratios indicated that higher CLR levels correlate with increased odds of COPD diagnosis, suggesting its potential as a predictive biomarker for COPD.
Implications for Treatment
The findings suggest that monitoring CLR could be beneficial in managing COPD. Clinicians might utilize CLR levels to stratify patients and tailor treatment plans accordingly, focusing on individuals with higher inflammatory markers.
| Measure | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| CLR (ln-transformed) | 1.14 | (1.04–1.25) | 0.005 |
Association Between Biological Aging and Cancer Risk
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and understanding the biological mechanisms behind its development is crucial. Recent research has established a link between the pace of biological aging and cancer susceptibility. The DunedinPoAm measure of biological aging, derived from DNA methylation patterns, has been associated with increased cancer risk in a study of 2,529 adults from NHANES (Nong et al., 2025).
Biological Aging and Cancer Correlation
The study found that each 1-SD increase in DunedinPoAm was associated with a 21% increase in cancer risk. This suggests that biological aging accelerates the development of cancerous conditions. Moreover, physical activity was found to moderate this association, highlighting its protective effects against cancer risk, particularly among physically inactive individuals.
| Metric | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| DunedinPoAm (1-SD increase) | 1.21 | (1.05–1.39) | 0.013 |
Role of Physical Activity in Modulating Cancer Susceptibility
Physical activity is increasingly recognized as a significant modifiable lifestyle factor that may attenuate the effects of biological aging on cancer risk. The aforementioned study revealed that among physically inactive individuals, the association between biological aging and cancer risk was markedly pronounced (Nong et al., 2025).
Mechanisms of Protection
Regular physical activity influences various physiological processes, including inflammation reduction, improved immune function, and enhanced metabolic health, all of which can mitigate cancer risk. Therefore, promoting physical activity among older adults could serve as a crucial public health intervention to lower cancer incidence.
Post-Mortem Urine Dipstick Analysis for Hyperglycemia
In the forensic setting, diagnosing metabolic conditions such as hyperglycemia and ketosis can be challenging. A study explored the utility of post-mortem urine dipstick analysis, demonstrating that glucose dipstick scores correlated strongly with vitreous humor glucose levels, indicating its potential as a rapid screening tool (Glengarry et al., 2025).
Diagnostic Value of Dipstick Analysis
The study found significant inter-observer agreement for glucose scores, suggesting that dipstick analysis could reliably indicate hyperglycemia in post-mortem examinations. However, the correlation for ketone bodies was less robust, underscoring the need for caution in interpreting these results.
| Dipstick Score | Likelihood Ratio for Hyperglycemia |
|---|---|
| 1-2 (negative) | 0.1-0.4 (excludes hyperglycemia) |
| 4 (high) | 12.2 (indicates hyperglycemia) |
Chronic Disease Multimorbidity Patterns in Older Adults
Multimorbidity, defined as the coexistence of multiple chronic diseases, is prevalent among older adults and presents unique challenges in managing healthcare. A recent analysis of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) identified significant risk factors for multimorbidity, including childhood health status, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle behaviors (Kumar & Yadav, 2025).
Key Findings and Risk Factors
The study revealed that hypertension was the most prevalent condition, followed closely by visual impairments. Multimorbidity was significantly associated with poor childhood health and socioeconomic disadvantages, highlighting the need for comprehensive healthcare strategies targeting these determinants.
| Factor | Prevalence (%) | Adjusted Odds Ratio |
|---|---|---|
| Good Childhood Health | 57 | 0.19 |
| Urban Residence | 62.99 | 1.36 |
| Obesity | 61.79 | 1.99 |
FAQ
What is the significance of C-Reactive Protein to Lymphocyte Ratio in COPD? The CLR is a biomarker that reflects systemic inflammation and immune response, and elevated levels are associated with a higher risk of COPD.
How does biological aging affect cancer risk? Accelerated biological aging, as measured by DunedinPoAm, is positively associated with an increased risk of cancer. The pace of aging influences susceptibility to various cancers.
What role does physical activity play in cancer prevention? Regular physical activity can mitigate the effects of biological aging on cancer risk, particularly in individuals who are physically inactive.
How reliable is post-mortem urine dipstick analysis for diagnosing hyperglycemia? Post-mortem urine dipstick analysis shows strong correlation with vitreous humor glucose levels, making it a useful screening tool for hyperglycemi What are the main risk factors for multimorbidity in older adults? Key risk factors include poor childhood health, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical inactivity.
References
- Ao, T., Huang, Y., & Hu, M. (2025). Association Between C-Reactive Protein to Lymphocyte Ratio and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 16, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S510755
- Nong, J., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Association between pace of biological aging and cancer and the modulating role of physical activity: a national cross-sectional study. Clinical Epigenetics, 16, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-025-01912-1
- Glengarry, J. M., Thompson, B., Pricone, M., & de Boer, H. H. (2025). Post-mortem urine dipstick analysis for hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis: observer agreement and diagnostic value. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 365, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03477-3
- Kumar, A., & Yadav, S. (2025). Towards a new perspective: Exploring the variability of conditional risk factors for multimorbidity susceptibility among older adults in India. PLoS One, 20(5), e0323890. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323890
