Key Insights on Endometriosis, Comorbidities, and Treatment

Impact of Endometriosis on Women’s Health and Quality of Life

Endometriosis significantly affects the quality of life of those diagnosed and can lead to a range of physical and psychological symptoms. Women with endometriosis often report debilitating pain during menstruation, which can limit their daily activities and impact their social and work lives. The chronic pain associated with endometriosis is not only physical but can also have profound effects on mental health, leading to anxiety and depression (Pszczołowska et al., 2025). Research indicates that approximately 77.1% of women with endometriosis experience symptoms of anxiety and depression simultaneously, highlighting the intricate link between physical and psychological health in this population (Ribiero et al., 2024).

Moreover, the average time to diagnosis for endometriosis can range from 7 to 9 years due to the nonspecific nature of its symptoms, which often overlap with other conditions (Misor et al., 2024). This delay in diagnosis exacerbates mental health issues, as women may feel unsupported and misunderstood during their struggle with chronic pain.

Table 1: Common Symptoms of Endometriosis

Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities Associated with Endometriosis

The interplay between endometriosis and neuropsychiatric comorbidities is crucial for understanding the overall impact of the condition. Chronic pain from endometriosis can lead to heightened stress levels, which may contribute to the development of mental health disorders. Studies indicate that women suffering from both endometriosis and migraines report increased pain intensity and frequency of migraine attacks (Selntigia et al., 2024). Moreover, anxiety and depression are prevalent in women with endometriosis, correlating with increased pain perception and reduced quality of life.

Table 2: Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities in Endometriosis Patients

Genetic and Molecular Factors in Endometriosis Pathogenesis

Research has identified several genetic mutations associated with endometriosis, including mutations in the KRAS, PTEN, and ARID1A genes. These mutations are thought to contribute to the severity and progression of the disease. For instance, studies have shown that women with KRAS mutations may experience more severe forms of endometriosis, which complicates treatment options (Orr et al., 2023). The genetic basis of endometriosis offers insights into potential therapeutic targets and highlights the need for a personalized approach to treatment.

Table 3: Genetic Mutations Associated with Endometriosis

Treatment Approaches for Endometriosis and Related Conditions

The management of endometriosis often requires a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses medical, surgical, and lifestyle interventions. Hormonal therapies, such as oral contraceptives and progestins, are commonly used to manage symptoms. For women with severe symptoms or those who do not respond to hormonal treatments, surgical options may be necessary to remove endometrial lesions (Agarwal et al., 2023).

While hormonal treatments can effectively reduce symptoms, they may also lead to side effects, as some women experience resistance to progesterone therapy. Furthermore, pain relief strategies, including the use of analgesics and alternative therapies such as acupuncture, may provide additional support for pain management (Maitrot-Mantelet et al., 2023).

Table 4: Common Treatment Modalities for Endometriosis

The Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Managing Endometriosis Symptoms

Emerging evidence suggests that lifestyle factors, including diet and exercise, may play a significant role in managing endometriosis symptoms. Diets rich in anti-inflammatory foods, such as omega-3 fatty acids from fish, may help alleviate some symptoms associated with endometriosis. Studies have demonstrated that increased fish consumption is linked to delayed menopause and reduced severity of menopausal symptoms, indicating potential benefits for women with endometriosis (Yang et al., 2025).

Incorporating regular physical activity into one’s routine is also crucial. Exercise has been shown to improve mental health, enhance mood, and even assist in pain management for chronic conditions like endometriosis. Moreover, maintaining a healthy body weight can reduce the risk of developing more severe symptoms.

Table 5: Dietary Recommendations for Women with Endometriosis

FAQ Section

What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, causing pain, infertility, and other health issues.

How is endometriosis diagnosed?

Diagnosis often involves pelvic exams, imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI, and sometimes laparoscopy.

What are common treatments for endometriosis?

Treatments include hormonal therapy, pain management, and surgical options to remove endometrial tissue.

Can diet affect endometriosis symptoms?

Yes, a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods may help manage symptoms and improve overall health.

What lifestyle changes can help manage endometriosis?

Regular exercise, stress management techniques, and a healthy diet can aid in symptom relief.

References

1. Agarwal, A., Ranganathan, P., Kattal, N., Pasqualotto, F., Hallak, J., Khayal, S., Mascha, E., et al. (2023). Fertility after cancer: A prospective review of assisted reproductive outcome with banked semen specimens. Fertil. Steril., 81(3), 234-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.07.021

2. Maitrot-Mantelet, L., Hugon-Rodin, J., Vatel, M., Marcellin, L., Santulli, P., Chapron, C., & Plu-Bureau, G. (2023). Migraine in relation with endometriosis phenotypes: Results from a French case-control study. Cephalalgia, 40(6), 666-673

3. Misor, M., Gupta, V., & Choudhary, A. (2024). Endometriosis: Advances and controversies in classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. F1000Research, 9, 254. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14817.1

4. Orr, N.L., Albert, A., Liu, Y.D., et al. (2023). KRAS mutations and endometriosis burden of disease. J. Pathol. Clin. Res., 9(3), 231-241

5. Pszczołowska, M., Walczak, K., Kołodziejczyk, W., et al. (2025). Understanding Deep Endometriosis: From Molecular to Neuropsychiatry Dimension. Int J Mol Sci., 26(2), 839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020839

6. Ribiero, H.S.A.A., de Paiva, A.M.F., et al. (2024). Psychological Problems Experienced by Patients with Bowel Endometriosis Awaiting Surgery. Rev. Bras. De Ginecol. E Obs., 43(6), 676-681. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735938

7. Yang, Y., Yehuan, Y., et al. (2025). Association Between Protein-Rich Foods, Nutritional Supplements, and Age of Natural Menopause and Its Symptoms. Nutrients, 17(2), 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020356