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What is Leqembi? An Overview of This Innovative Alzheimer’s Treatment
Lecanemab, marketed under the brand name Leqembi, is an innovative treatment designed specifically for early Alzheimer’s disease, including patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia attributed to Alzheimer’s. This medication is administered through intravenous (IV) infusion and functions as a monoclonal antibody that targets and removes beta-amyloid plaques from the brain. The presence of these plaques is strongly correlated with the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, as they disrupt neuronal communication and contribute to cognitive decline (1).
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted traditional approval for Leqembi, marking it as the first treatment that addresses the underlying biology of Alzheimer’s rather than merely alleviating symptoms. Research indicates that when administered to eligible patients, Leqembi can slow cognitive decline by approximately 25% over a period of time (2). This advancement allows individuals diagnosed with early-stage Alzheimer’s to maintain a higher quality of life, enabling them to engage in daily activities and preserve their independence longer.
Administered every two weeks in outpatient settings, Leqembi infusions typically last about one hour. Health care providers closely monitor patients during and after the infusion to assess for any adverse effects. A thorough evaluation, including imaging tests and cognitive assessments, must precede the initiation of Leqembi treatment to confirm the presence of beta-amyloid plaques (3).
Common Side Effects of Leqembi: What Patients Should Expect
As with any medication, Leqembi is associated with potential side effects. Understanding these side effects is crucial for patients and their caregivers as it allows for better management of any adverse reactions that may arise during treatment.
Infusion-Related Reactions
One of the most frequently reported side effects of Leqembi are infusion-related reactions. These can include:
- Fever
- Chills
- Headaches
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Dizziness
- Allergic reactions, such as swelling of the face or hives (2)
These reactions are often mild to moderate and are typically managed with pre-medication protocols designed to minimize discomfort during the infusion process.
Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA)
Another significant concern with Leqembi treatment is the risk of Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA). ARIA can manifest in two forms:
- ARIA-E (edema): Characterized by swelling in the brain, detected through MRI scans.
- ARIA-H (hemorrhage): Involves tiny areas of bleeding or microhemorrhages (2).
While ARIA can occur in patients even without treatment, those receiving Leqembi are at an increased risk. Approximately 10% of patients may exhibit symptoms such as headaches, confusion, or balance issues, though it’s important to note that up to 75% of individuals with ARIA do not experience any symptoms (3).
Managing Leqembi Side Effects: Practical Tips for Patients
Managing the side effects of Leqembi is essential for ensuring patient comfort and adherence to treatment. Here are several strategies that patients and caregivers can implement:
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Communicate with Healthcare Providers: Open dialogue with healthcare professionals regarding any side effects experienced is crucial. Adjustments to the infusion protocol or additional medications may be necessary to mitigate adverse reactions.
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Pre-medication: Following the pre-medication protocol recommended by healthcare providers can significantly reduce the risk of infusion-related reactions. This may include medications such as antihistamines or corticosteroids.
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Regular Monitoring: Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments to monitor for ARIA and other potential side effects. MRI scans may be utilized to detect any changes early.
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Lifestyle Adjustments: Modifying daily routines to accommodate treatment schedules and side effects can help maintain quality of life. This may involve planning infusion appointments during low-activity days or ensuring access to support during recovery from infusion-related reactions.
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Educate Caregivers: Caregivers should be educated on the potential side effects of Leqembi, including how to identify and respond to ARIA symptoms or infusion-related reactions. They play a vital role in monitoring the patient’s condition and ensuring adherence to treatment.
When to Contact Your Doctor: Recognizing Severe Side Effects of Leqembi
It’s vital for patients and caregivers to recognize when to seek immediate medical help. The following signs warrant contacting a healthcare provider promptly:
- Persistent headaches that do not improve with over-the-counter pain relievers
- Confusion or changes in mental status
- Difficulty with balance or coordination
- Swelling or rash at the infusion site that worsens
- Signs of severe allergic reactions, such as trouble breathing or facial swelling (3)
In instances of any of the above symptoms, patients should not hesitate to reach out to their healthcare team for guidance and support.
Resources and Support for Leqembi Patients: Navigating Treatment Challenges
Navigating the complexities of Alzheimer’s treatment can be challenging. Fortunately, various resources and support systems are available for patients and their families:
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Alzheimer’s Association: This organization provides a plethora of resources, including a 24/7 helpline (800.272.3900) for individuals seeking information on treatment options, local support groups, and financial assistance (1).
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Support Groups: Connecting with other caregivers and patients through local or online support groups can provide emotional support and practical advice for managing treatment and care.
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Financial Assistance programs: Patients can explore programs such as the Leqembi Copay Assistance Program, which can help reduce out-of-pocket costs associated with treatment (2).
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Educational Materials: Many health organizations offer educational materials that can help patients and caregivers understand Alzheimer’s disease, treatment options, and coping strategies.
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Healthcare Provider Network: Building a strong relationship with healthcare providers, including neurologists and geriatric specialists, ensures that patients receive comprehensive care tailored to their specific needs.
FAQs
What is Leqembi used for?
Leqembi is used to treat early Alzheimer’s disease in individuals who have mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia with confirmed elevated beta-amyloid plaques in the brain.
How is Leqembi administered?
Leqembi is administered through intravenous (IV) infusion every two weeks and typically takes about one hour per session.
What are the common side effects of Leqembi?
Common side effects of Leqembi include infusion-related reactions (fever, chills, headache), nausea, vomiting, and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA).
How can side effects be managed?
Side effects can be managed through pre-medication, regular monitoring, and open communication with healthcare providers.
When should I contact my doctor while on Leqembi?
Contact your doctor if you experience persistent headaches, confusion, balance difficulties, or signs of severe allergic reactions.
References
- Lecanemab Approved for Treatment of Early Alzheimer’s Disease. Retrieved from https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/treatments/lecanemab-leqembi
- Leqembi Alzheimer’s Treatment at RWJBarnabas Health. Retrieved from https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/neuroscience/neurology/treatments/leqembi/
- Side effects - Antidepressants. Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/antidepressants/side-effects/
