The study involved 50 breast cancer patients, predominantly female, with a mean age of 47.6 years, who were set to receive doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Exclusion criteria included prior chemotherapy and current antipsychotic use. The study …
Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity (CIN) is a major complication affecting 30-40% of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, with symptoms including peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairment, and emotional disturbances. Certain chemotherapeutic …
Intrathecal therapy is a vital treatment method for cancer patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, particularly effective for leptomeningeal metastases, where cancer cells infiltrate the protective membranes of the brain and spinal …
Imfinzi (durvalumab) is an intravenous immunotherapy used primarily for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). It is administered in cycles of 14 or 28 days, with each infusion lasting about one hour, and …
Dasatinib, known as Sprycel, is a powerful tyrosine kinase inhibitor used primarily to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL). It targets the BCR-ABL fusion protein, disrupting …
Nerlynx (neratinib) is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the HER2 receptor, essential for treating HER2-positive breast cancer, especially in patients who have previously undergone trastuzumab therapy. By irreversibly inhibiting HER2 and …
Pazopanib, marketed as Votrient, is a targeted therapy used primarily for advanced kidney cancer, specifically renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It functions as a multi-kinase inhibitor, blocking tyrosine kinases that promote cancer cell growth and …
Cyclosporine is a powerful immunosuppressant crucial for preventing organ rejection in transplants and managing autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Isolated from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum in the 1970s, it selectively …
Tagrisso (osimertinib) is a targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with specific mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. As a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), it effectively addresses the T790M …
Epkinly is an innovative oncology medication used to treat certain resistant cancers by inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing the immune response. It is particularly beneficial for patients with advanced cancer stages where traditional therapies are …
Neulasta is a pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that helps increase white blood cell production, particularly neutrophils, to combat neutropenia caused by chemotherapy. Administered as a single subcutaneous injection of 6 mg, …
Atezolizumab, branded as Tecentriq, is an innovative immunotherapy drug primarily used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and urothelial carcinoma. It functions by inhibiting the PD-L1 protein, which allows cancer cells to evade the immune …
Zejula (niraparib) is an oral PARP inhibitor used for treating recurrent ovarian cancer, particularly in patients previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. It is particularly effective for those with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, as it …
Low dose chemotherapy (LDC), or metronomic chemotherapy, involves administering reduced dosages of chemotherapy agents continuously, unlike traditional high-dose regimens aimed at maximizing tumor cell death. This approach minimizes severe side …
Bavencio is an FDA-approved monoclonal antibody that targets the PD-L1 protein, enhancing the immune response against tumors, particularly in Merkel cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. It is administered via intravenous infusion, with an initial …
Chemotherapy is a vital treatment for cancer, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for about 85% of lung cancer cases. It utilizes cytotoxic drugs to target and destroy rapidly dividing cancer cells by disrupting their …
The article emphasizes the significance of being aware of the side effects associated with Loqtorzi, a medication for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Side effects can vary among patients and may include fatigue, nausea, liver function changes, …
Trexall, known generically as methotrexate, is an effective medication for managing autoimmune diseases and certain cancers, classified as a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD). It works by inhibiting folic acid metabolism, reducing …
Ceritinib, known as Zykadia, is a targeted therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is positive for the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. As a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, it blocks the ALK enzyme, crucial for cancer cell …
Retevmo (selpercatinib) is a targeted therapy approved by the FDA for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and medullary thyroid cancer with RET gene alterations. It works by inhibiting abnormal RET proteins that promote tumor growth, …
Inlyta (axitinib) is a targeted therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), classified as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis. Approved by …
The article discusses the essential guidelines for using Rubraca, a medication for treating ovarian cancer, particularly in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. It highlights the need for regular monitoring through blood tests to detect potential …
Rydapt, or midostaurin, is an oral medication used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and systemic mastocytosis by inhibiting receptor tyrosine kinases, particularly FLT3, which is often mutated in AML. It enhances patient outcomes when combined …
Sunitinib, known by the brand name Sutent, is a targeted cancer therapy effective in treating advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) resistant to imatinib, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET). As a protein …
Nexavar, or sorafenib, is a targeted therapy primarily used for treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As a multi-kinase inhibitor, it blocks receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis, …
The article discusses the mechanism of action and important considerations for the use of hydroxycarbamide (Hydrea) in cancer treatment. Hydroxycarbamide works by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase, which is vital for DNA synthesis, leading to …
Vitrakvi (larotrectinib) is a tumor-agnostic targeted therapy approved by the FDA in 2018 for solid tumors with abnormal NTRK gene fusions. Its effectiveness is determined by specific genetic markers rather than tumor location. The recommended dosage …
Ibrance (palbociclib) is an oral medication used to treat hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), leading to cell cycle arrest and reduced cancer cell proliferation. Clinical …
Mektovi (binimetinib) is a targeted cancer therapy primarily used for melanoma patients, functioning as a MEK inhibitor to disrupt the MAPK signaling pathway, which is vital for cancer cell growth. It is often combined with Braftovi (encorafenib) to …
Keytruda, a cancer immunotherapy, works by blocking the PD-1 receptor, enhancing T cell activation and promoting anti-tumor immunity. This mechanism allows T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. The effectiveness of Keytruda …
Midostaurin, marketed as Rydapt, is a kinase inhibitor targeting the FLT3 mutation, crucial for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and systemic mastocytosis. In AML, Rydapt is typically prescribed at a dosage of 50 mg twice daily, starting on day …
Onivyde (liposomal irinotecan) is an FDA-approved chemotherapy drug effective for treating metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, especially in patients who have previously received gemcitabine-based therapy. Its unique liposomal formulation enhances …
Gleevec, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the FDA, plays a crucial role in treating various cancers, including Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Clinical studies show …
Augtyro, or repotrectinib, is a novel medication designed for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ROS1 gene fusions, particularly beneficial for patients whose cancer has progressed after previous therapies. It works by inhibiting …
Treanda, or bendamustine, is a chemotherapy agent approved by the FDA in 2008, used primarily for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It functions as an alkylating agent, disrupting DNA synthesis and inducing …
Truxima (rituximab-abbs) is a monoclonal antibody that targets CD20 on B-cells, effectively reducing inflammation and symptoms of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and certain cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic …
Onivyde (irinotecan liposome injection) plays a vital role in treating pancreatic cancer, especially for patients with metastatic disease after gemcitabine-based therapy. This drug enhances the delivery of irinotecan to cancerous tissues while …
Poteligeo (mogamulizumab) is a monoclonal antibody targeting CCR4, primarily used for treating relapsed or refractory mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome, types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). It recruits immune effector cells to …
Cabozantinib, marketed as Cabometyx, is a targeted therapy that inhibits key receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) like VEGFR, MET, and AXL, which are crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. It is indicated for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after …
Preventive chemotherapy, also known as adjuvant chemotherapy, is a treatment administered after primary cancer treatments like surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence. It involves the use of cytotoxic drugs …
Neulasta, or pegfilgrastim, is a biologic medication designed to prevent neutropenia, a common side effect of chemotherapy characterized by low neutrophil counts. By stimulating bone marrow, Neulasta enhances white blood cell production, thus …
The article discusses Truxima, the first biosimilar of the biologic rituximab, highlighting its role in making healthcare treatments more affordable. Truxima, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20 on B-cells, is effective for conditions like …
Tezspire (tezepelumab-ekko) is a groundbreaking monoclonal antibody designed to inhibit thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine that plays a crucial role in asthma and chronic allergic conditions. Unlike traditional biologics, Tezspire …
Gilotrif, or afatinib, is a targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that specifically inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), making it effective for patients with certain genetic mutations. Classified as a tyrosine …
Summary: Sprycel (dasatinib) is an ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), significantly improving survival outcomes and enabling some patients to achieve treatment-free …
Mekinist, or trametinib, is a MEK inhibitor used primarily to treat advanced melanoma, especially in patients with specific BRAF mutations (V600E or V600K). Approved by the FDA in 2013, it serves as a systemic oral therapy for patients with …
The article emphasizes the importance of awareness regarding drug interactions while using Sprycel (dasatinib), a medication for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Understanding these interactions is essential for …
Imbruvica (ibrutinib) is a targeted cancer therapy that acts as a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, primarily used to treat blood cancers like mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and Waldenstrom’s …
