Lumboperitoneal (LP) shunts are essential for treating conditions like idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), but patients with prior abdominal surgeries have traditionally been deemed unsuitable candidates due to risks of peritoneal …
Resting sinus tachycardia (RST) is a common condition in cancer patients, defined by a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute, which can be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. It is influenced by factors such as tumor burden, chemotherapy, …
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is a serious birth defect caused by an abnormal opening in the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to enter the thoracic cavity, adversely affecting lung development. Globally, the prevalence of CDH is about …
Heart valve replacement is a surgical procedure that addresses issues with the heart’s valves, which can include stenosis, regurgitation, or atresia. This surgery can involve either valve repair or replacement, utilizing mechanical or …
Angioplasty, or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is a minimally invasive procedure aimed at restoring blood flow through narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, often due to plaque buildup. The process involves inserting a catheter with a …
The article outlines the key differences between angiograms and angioplasties. An angiogram is a diagnostic procedure that uses contrast dye and X-ray imaging to visualize blood vessels and identify issues like blockages and aneurysms. It plays a …
Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by insufficient blood and oxygen supply to the heart, commonly due to coronary artery disease (CAD). Symptoms include chest pain, dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and nausea. There are two main types: …
Portopulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a type of pulmonary hypertension that occurs in patients with liver disease, primarily due to increased pressure in the portal vein resulting from conditions like cirrhosis. This elevated portal pressure leads to …
Aortic stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve, which can result from age-related calcification, congenital defects, or rheumatic fever. The condition leads to increased pressure on the left ventricle, potentially …
A nuclear stress test is an imaging procedure that assesses blood flow to the heart at rest and during induced physical stress, using a radioactive tracer. This test is vital for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD), which involves the narrowing …
Coronary artery occlusion is the blockage of one or more coronary arteries, significantly reducing blood flow to the heart, primarily due to coronary artery disease (CAD) and plaque buildup. A chronic total occlusion (CTO) can lead to severe symptoms …
The article provides a comprehensive overview of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and angioplasty, two key procedures for treating blocked coronary arteries. CABG, or bypass surgery, involves creating a new blood flow route using a healthy …
Open vascular reconstruction is a surgical procedure designed to treat vascular diseases affecting blood vessels, such as atherosclerosis and peripheral artery disease. The surgery involves techniques like angioplasty, bypass grafting, and …
Endovascular reconstruction is revolutionizing vascular surgery by offering a minimally invasive alternative to traditional open surgery. This approach utilizes catheters and imaging techniques to repair blood vessels, resulting in reduced recovery …
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a rare heart condition marked by thickening of the heart muscle at the apex of the left ventricle, leading to impaired blood pumping and various symptoms, including shortness of breath and decreased …
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic disorder impacting the right ventricle, characterized by the replacement of heart muscle with fatty and fibrous tissue, leading to arrhythmias and potential sudden cardiac death, …
Pulmonary atresia is a serious congenital heart defect where the pulmonary valve fails to develop properly, obstructing blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs. This defect often coexists with other anomalies, such as a ventricular septal …
Coronary revascularization is a vital medical procedure aimed at restoring blood flow to the heart in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), which involves narrowed or blocked arteries due to plaque buildup. The two primary methods are …
Left Ventricular Non-Compaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy is a rare congenital heart condition characterized by an abnormal structure of the heart muscle, particularly affecting the left ventricle. This leads to a spongy texture and deep recesses in the …
Nonischemic cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disorder not caused by coronary artery disease, with multifactorial origins including genetic predispositions, infections, autoimmune diseases, and other systemic conditions. Symptoms often overlap with …
Ductal-dependent congenital heart disease (DDCHD) refers to heart defects that require the ductus arteriosus to remain open for sufficient blood flow, as its closure can lead to severe hypoxia and cardiovascular collapse. Common types include …
Congenital heart disease (CHD) encompasses various heart defects present at birth, affecting nearly 1% of live births globally, with about 40,000 infants in the U.S. diagnosed each year. Acyanotic heart disease, which constitutes around 75% of CHD …
The article discusses the various types of congenital heart defects (CHDs), categorizing them into obstructive defects, septal defects, cyanotic defects, and complex defects. Obstructive defects, like aortic and pulmonary stenosis, block blood flow. …
The article provides a comprehensive overview of congenital heart defects (CHDs), which are structural heart abnormalities present at birth, affecting approximately 1 in 100 babies in the U.S. It highlights various types of CHDs, including Atrial …
Postpartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare and serious heart condition that can develop towards the end of pregnancy or within months after childbirth, characterized by weakened heart muscle, enlarged heart, and reduced ejection fraction. Symptoms …
The article “The Hidden Dangers of Postpartum Heart Attacks: What Every Woman Should Know” emphasizes the significant risk of heart disease during pregnancy and the postpartum period, highlighting that heart disease is the leading cause …
A pacemaker is a small device implanted in the chest to regulate heartbeats, primarily for patients with bradycardia or other arrhythmias. It sends electrical impulses to maintain a stable heart rhythm, significantly improving the quality of life and …
The article “Understanding Arrhythmias: What You Need to Know” discusses arrhythmias, which are irregular heart rhythms that can be too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or erratic. These conditions can compromise the …
The article provides a comprehensive overview of atrial fibrillation (AFib) and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), highlighting their key differences. AFib is marked by rapid, irregular heart rhythms from the atria, potentially leading to serious …
The article “Understanding Arrhythmia: Types, Causes, and Symptoms” provides a comprehensive overview of arrhythmia, a disorder characterized by irregular heart rhythms, which can be categorized into tachycardia (fast heart rate) and …
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), marked by rapid heart rates of 140 to 280 beats per minute due to an extra electrical pathway in the heart. It occurs when a premature …
Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) is a type of arrhythmia marked by episodes of rapid heart rates originating from the ventricles, lasting less than 30 seconds and often resolving spontaneously. While it may not significantly affect life …
Arrhythmia is a condition marked by irregular heartbeats, which can occur as tachycardia (rapid heart rate), bradycardia (slow heart rate), or irregular rhythms. It results from malfunctioning electrical signals in the heart, potentially leading to …
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening arrhythmia where the heart’s ventricles beat rapidly, often over 100 beats per minute, disrupting normal blood flow. VT can be sustained (lasting over 30 seconds) or nonsustained (lasting less …
Cardiac cough is a persistent, wet cough resulting from fluid accumulation in the lungs due to congestive heart failure (CHF). This occurs when the heart fails to pump blood effectively, causing fluid backup and pulmonary congestion. Symptoms of …
Myxomatous degeneration is a pathological condition primarily affecting the mitral valve, characterized by changes in connective tissue that can lead to mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and mitral regurgitation (MR). It affects approximately 2% to 3% of …
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a rapid heartbeat originating from the heart’s ventricles, typically exceeding 100 beats per minute due to misfiring electrical signals. It can be classified as monomorphic (consistent electrical impulses) or …
A junctional escape rhythm is a cardiac arrhythmia that occurs when the sinoatrial (SA) node fails to initiate a heartbeat, causing the heart to rely on backup pacemakers near the atrioventricular (AV) node, leading to a heart rate of 40 to 60 beats …
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is a condition where the mitral valve fails to close properly, potentially allowing blood to flow back into the left atrium. It often presents with few or no symptoms but can lead to palpitations, chest pain, fatigue, and …
Atrial tachycardia is a type of arrhythmia where the atria of the heart beat faster than normal, typically between 100 to 250 beats per minute. This condition is part of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and is caused by faulty electrical signals in …
The article discusses the serious complications associated with arrhythmia, characterized by irregular heartbeats that can lead to inadequate blood circulation and weaken the heart muscle over time. Complications such as atrial fibrillation (AFib) …
Mitral valve regurgitation (MVR), also known as mitral insufficiency, occurs when blood flows backward through the mitral valve during heart contraction due to valve damage. Common causes include mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, …
Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a serious congenital heart defect characterized by the improper formation of the pulmonary valve, obstructing blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. This condition affects approximately 1 in 10,000 live …
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) is a serious heart arrhythmia characterized by irregular heart rhythms originating from the ventricles, displaying multiple shapes on electrocardiograms. It can lead to severe complications like syncope, …
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is a heart condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, potentially allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium. While often asymptomatic and discovered during routine exams, some patients may …
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common heart condition affecting 2% to 3% of the population, characterized by improper closure of the mitral valve, which can lead to complications such as mitral regurgitation and, in severe cases, heart failure. …
The article “Understanding Heart Failure: Symptoms and Diagnosis” explains that heart failure occurs when the heart cannot effectively pump blood, leading to various symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, rapid …
Wide complex tachycardia (WCT) refers to a condition characterized by a heart rate exceeding 100 bpm and an elongated QRS complex on an electrocardiogram (EKG), indicating disruptions in the heart’s electrical conduction. WCT is categorized …
Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia (EAT) is a pediatric arrhythmia marked by rapid heartbeats originating from an ectopic focus in the atria, which can significantly affect children’s health. Symptoms may include heart palpitations, dizziness, fatigue, …
Heart valve disease (HVD) disrupts the normal functioning of the heart’s valves, which can lead to blood flow issues such as regurgitation and stenosis. It’s estimated to affect up to 2.5% of the U.S. population, with symptoms ranging …
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure designed to restore blood flow to the heart by creating a new pathway around blocked arteries, primarily for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). During CABG, a healthy blood …
The article “The Hidden Dangers of Chemotherapy: Unraveling Cardiotoxicity” explores the cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapy, particularly from drugs like anthracyclines (e.g., doxorubicin). It identifies various forms of cardiotoxicity, …
Cardiac arrhythmias are irregular heartbeats that can be classified into types such as Atrial Fibrillation (AFib), Ventricular Tachycardia (VT), Bradycardia, and Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT). These irregularities can result from heart disease, …
